V.- Plant biodiversity and conservation     a) Floristic studies   As the flora is an important biological resource, to improve its knowdledge is very important, specially in the areas considered as hotspots e.g. Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees. This is the reason we are involved from thirty years ago in the developping of the JACA Herbarium, a major collection in Spain, which is currently on the base of three main researches:   ’Flora iberica’, a large project in what we are involved from the beginning in 1981 together with the Royal Botanic Garden of Madrid and many other universities of Spain and Portugal. We have published 14 volumes from the 21 we are preparing. Currently I’m responsible of some families and genera and a member of the Editorial committee. This long project (See: http://www.rjb.csic.es/floraiberica/ ) was also in the base of the informatization of the Herbarium and the publication of our “Atlas de la Flora del Pirineo Aragonés”, in two big volumes, the main book on the flora of Central Pyrenees     b) Taxonomical studies of endemic plants aiming at conservation   ’Bioflora’ A consolidated research group of the Aragon Gouvernement we started  with the University of Zaragoza in 2004 in order to study the pyrenean, aragonese and iberian flora from a taxonomic and evolutive point of view, mainly for endemic plants, as a tool for conservation. Some projects and PhD thesis were achieved and a comparison between our endemic genus Borderea (Dioscoreaceae) and the chilean endemic genus Epipetrum  is currently established. We developped some studies in the National Parks (France and Spain) to better conserve the rich flora against different impacts (See http://bifi.unizar.es/bioflora/)     c) Alpine flora of Europe and climatic change   GLORIA Project. (Funded by the 5th framework of the European Community and other institutions). In co.ordination with the university of Vienna we established one of the “Target Regions” in the summits of Monte Perdido (which belongs to te National Park and to the Human Heritage) among 17 mountain ranges over Europe from 2000 and we still maintain the correspondent plots to study the alpine flora as a “sensitive” indicator for the ecological implications of climatic change. We repeated in 2008 our observations of 2001 and currently the aplied methodology has a world wide projection (See www.gloria.ac.at)