Despite a generalized decline within its native range, the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has become an agricultural pest in some parts of Spain where predators and diseases might not limit their populations. This can be compounded with agricultural intensification leading to impoverished arable weed communities which serve rabbits as alternative food. Increasing concern due to foraging damage caused by rabbits in semi-arid regions, poses serious conflicts between farmers, hunters and conservationists. The aim of this PhD project was to evaluate rabbit damage to vineyards, the factors driving it, and the likely effectiveness of non-lethal management solutions in reducing damages, such as diversionary feeding, cover cropping or the use of chemical deterrents. Rabbit-induced damage to crops may be exacerbated by current agricultural practices, and even moderate rabbit numbers can cause appreciable damage to winegrowing under these circumstances. The rabbit conflict is thus likely to persist in the near future and short term solutions based on rabbit control might be required. However, long lasting solutions aimed at restoring ecosystem functionality should be advocated.